Abstract

Two major challenges have emerged in the management of immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicities:  1. Minimising the side effects of immunosupression in the majority of patients who require active side effect management and whose toxicities respond to treatment. 2. Gaining control of toxicities in the group of patients with refractory toxicity using alternative immunosuppressant approaches.  Improvements in these challenges would be significantly aided by an increased understanding of the mechanisms of immunotherapy induced toxicity.